Network Basics Charts For AudioWhiz Products
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CABLING

The table - 1 below lists some of the various cable types.

Cable Type
Also Known As
Connector Maximum Length
10Base5 RG-8 or RG-11, Thicknet coax AUI/DIX 500 meters(1640 ft)
10Base2 RG-58, thinnet coax BNC connector 185 meters(607 ft)
10BaseT Cat 3, 4, 5 twisted pair RJ-45 100 meters(328 ft)
100BaseT Cat 5 twisted pair RJ-45 100 meters(328 ft)
10baseFL Fiber Optic Fiber Optic connector 2 Kilometers(6562 feet)
Table - 1



Transmission speeds of the various cable types are as follows in Table - 2:

Cable Type
Transmission Speed
Thicknet 10mbps
Thinnet 10 mbps
cat 2 twisted pair 4 mbps
cat 3 twisted pair 16 mbps
cat 4 twisted pair 20 mbps
cat 5 twisted pair 100 mbps
Fiber Optic 100 mbps - 1 gbps
Table - 2



 FRAME TYPES

The following Table - 3, lists various frame types as follows:

802.1 Defined the overview and architecture for interoperability between LANs and MANs.
802.2 Logical link control - LLC adds header information that identifies the upper layer protocols sending the frame.
802.3 Ethernet - Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD)
802.4 Token bus LAN
802.5 Token Ring BUS
802.6 Metropolitan Area network (MAN)
802.7 Broadband
802.8 Fiber optic
802.9 Integrated voice/Data
802.10 Network Security
802.11 Wireless Networks
802.12 Demand Priority. Like 100VG-Any LAN
Table - 3
TCP/IP ADDRESSING


The following table - 4 is an example of how to convert binary into decimal and visa versa:

DECIMAL BINARY When converting binary data to decimal, a "0" is equal to 0. "1" is equal to the number that corresponds to the field it is in. For example, the number 213 would be 11010101 in binary notation. This is calculated as follows: 128+64+0+16+0+4+0+1=213. Remember that this only represents 1 octet of 8 bits, while a full IP address is 32 bits made up of 4 octets. This being true, the IP address 213.128.68.130 would look like 11010101 10000000 01000100 10000010.
128 10000000
64 01000000
32 00100000
16 00010000
8 00001000
4 00000100
2 00000010
1 00000001
Table - 4




IP addresses are divided into 3 classes as shown below in table - 5:

CLASS RANGE
A 1-126 IP addresses can be class A, B or C. Class A addresses are for networks with a large number of hosts. The first octet is the netid and the 3 remaining octets are the hostid. Class B addresses are used in medium to large networks with the first 2 octets making up the netid and the remaining 2 are the hostid. A class C is for smaller networks with the first 3 octets making up the netid and the last octet comprising the hostid.
B 128-191
C 192-223
Table - 5




A subnet mask blocks out a portion of an IP address and is used to differentiate between the hostid and netid.
The default subnet masks are as follows shown in table - 6:

CLASS DEFAULT SUBNET # OF SUBNETS # OF HOSTS PER SUBNET
Class A 255.0.0.0 126 16,777,214
Class B 255.255.0.0 16,384 65,534
Class C 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 254
Table - 6




The following table - 7 shows a comparison between the different subnet masks.

MASK # OF SUBNETS CLASS A HOSTS CLASS B HOSTS CLASS C HOSTS
192 2 4,194,302 16,382 62
224 6 2,097,150 8,190 30
240 14 1,048,574 4,094 14
248 30 524,286 2,046 6
252 62 262,142 1,022 2
254 126 131,070 510 Invalid
255 254 65,534 254 Invalid
Table - 7
NOTE: 127.x.x.x is reserved for loopback testing on the local system and is not used on live systems.




TCP/IP PORTS

Ports are what an application uses when communicating between a client and server computer. Some common ports are:
  • 20 FTP-DATA
  • 21 FTP
  • 23 TELNET
  • 25 SMTP
  • 69 TFTP
  • 70 GOPHER
  • 80 HTTP
  • 110 POP3
  • 137 NetBIOS name service
  • 138 NetBIOS datagram service
  • 139 NetBIOS
  • 161 SNMP
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